Abstract: As a technology emerged with the vigorous development of molecular biology in the 20th century,proteomics analysis technology provides a new research path and direction for archaeological research,and has broad development prospects.The proteomic methods in archaeology mainly include peptide mass fingerprinting analysis and peptide sequence labeling method,which are used in plant and animal species identification,phylogeny,paleopathological research,sex identification and other aspects.Proteomics methods can bring more accurate and credible archaeological analysis results,but proteomics still has problems to overcome in the field of archaeology,such as the lack of sufficient proteomic data in protein databases,and difficulties in extracting proteins from archaeological biological samples,and the depth and breadth of proteomics in archaeological research need to be further developed.