Abstract: This study analyzed the changes in bacterial community composition, co-occurrence network patterns and the functional gene abundance under different initial carbon to nitrogen ratios of cattle manure and sugarcane（Saccharum officinarum L.） bagasse composting treatments, aiming to investigate the effects of different composting measures on the structure and function of bacterial communities. The results of the study showed that the adjustment of the initial carbon to nitrogen ratio of the compost altered the temperature and moisture content during the composting process, which had a significant effect on the bacterial community, with significant changes in the relative abundance of the phylum Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Patescibacteria. Composting can influence bacterial communities and promote the decomposition of organic matter by altering the ′auxotrophic bacterial modules′ in the co-occurrence network, although the dominant bacterial community members may be difficult to be influenced due to their high stability. In compost, specific modules were positively correlated with acid phosphatase activity, with the highest enzyme activity at a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25. The gene abundance involved in pathways related to the nitrogen and methane cycles in the bacterial community increased significantly under different composting methods. The results of this study provide a basis for further understanding of the changes in bacterial communities in composting, and provide a reference for indicator species in composting measures and solutions for the treatment of agricultural waste.