Abstract: Metabolism-related diseases, which are chronic diseases caused by genetic and environmental factors, have become the main diseases threatening human health. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments. Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase（eEF2K） is a special protein kinase that negatively regulates the extension process of protein synthesis and is closely related to the occurrence of various metabolic related diseases. Therefore, eEF2K is considered as a potential therapeutic target for metabolism-related diseases. Hence, this paper reviews the roles and mechanisms of eEF2K in the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and some neurological diseases, so as to explore the potential of eEF2K as a therapeutic target for metabolism-related diseases and provide theoretical reference for the treatment of metabolism-related diseases.