Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative bacterium of tuberculosis, faces a variety of oxidative stress from environment in the infected host cells, so it has evolved a series of its own antioxidant growth mechanisms. As important factors for bacteria to respond quickly to the external environment, transcription factors help bacteria adapt to environmental stress including anti-oxidation by regulating the expression of their target genes. However, the molecular mechanism of transcription factors in mycobacteria regulating bacterial antioxidant growth is still unclear. In this study, Mycobacterium smegmatis was used as the model strain. The transcription factor FboR was found to regulate the antioxidant capacity of mycobacteria and the antioxidant growth of related recombinant strains was detected. This study confirmed that the antioxidant capacity of bacteria negatively regulated by FboR. Then this study identified the related target genes affecting bacterial antioxidant growth by transcriptome sequencing analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay（EMSA）, real-time quantitative PCR（RT-qPCR） and β-galactosidase activity test, and analyzed the specific regulatory pathway and molecular mechanism.