Abstract: This study is based on the 3D dental models data of contemporary Chinese groups, and dental landmarking method is used in this study, which is used by the consortium for the analysis of the diversity and evolution of Latin America（CANDELA）. Dental phenotypes represented by Euclidean linear distances（ELD） between landmarks in this study are basis of measurement of dental diversity. This study aims to explore the impact of individual factors（age and gender） and population factor（ethnic groups） on the dental diversity among contemporary Chinese groups. The results of canonical variate analysis（CVA）, cross validation（CV）, principal component analysis（PCA）, Pearson correlation analysis and differences analysis showed that the dental observable characteristics of populations which had closer evolutionary relationships were often more similar. Specifically, the dental observable characteristics of upper teeth of Han nationality are closer to those of Zhuang and Miao nationalities but different from that of Mongolian nationality, and the dental observable characteristics of upper and lower teeth of Tibetan nationality are different from those of Uyghur nationality. The differences in dental phenotypes of southern/northern/central Han Chinese were clearly directional, and the differences of mandibular teeth was more obvious than that of maxillary teeth. From the perspective of gender, the differences of dental phenotypes between men and women were mainly reflected in the canines, and the average width and height of male canines were significantly greater than that of female canines. The differences analysis among different age groups showed that the influence of extragenetic factors on the dental observable characteristics was mainly reflected in the canines, maxillary first molars and mandibular first premolars.