Abstract: MicroRNA（miRNA） is one of the shortest endogenous non-coding RNAs（ncRNA） discovered in recent years. It is widely believed that they play a role by regulating messenger RNA（mRNA） expression levels, and their main functions are reflected in regulating various pathological and physiological processes such as individual development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and tumor occurrence and development. miRNA plays an important role in the regulation of the expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and the activity of signaling pathways, as well as in the occurrence and development of malignant pleural mesothelioma（MPM）.This review summarizes the generation and function of miRNA, as well as the relevant miRNA that plays tumor promotional and tumor suppressive role in the occurrence and development of MPM, in order to provide theoretical reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MPM.