Abstract: Chiromyscus langbianis is an exclusive arboreal rodent species found in Asia. Its taxonomic classification has been contentious, with its placement within either the Niviventer or Chiromyscus genus influencing our understanding of its biological characteristics. This study aims to elucidate the structural features of the mitochondrial genome of Chiromyscus langbianis and to construct phylogenetic trees for 22 closely related species using both the neighbor-joining method（NJ） and maximum likelihood method（ML） to clarify its genus-level phylogenetic relationships. The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome of C. langbianis had a total length of 16 288 bp, comprising 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a non-coding region（NCR）. The base composition was 36.6%A, 28.9%T, 15.0%G, and 19.5%C, with an AT-skew of 0.092 and a GC-skew of-0.337. Among the 22 tRNA genes, except for tRNA^Ser（AGY） which lacked the D-loop, the remaining 21 tRNA genes could fold into typical cloverleaf structures. However, certain tRNA genes, such as tRNA^Phe with A-A, and tRNA^Val, tRNA^Leu, tRNA^Ile with C-U, displayed non-typical pairing to maintain the stability of the tRNA secondary structure. Phylogenetic trees indicated a closer relationship of the species langbianis to the Chiromyscus genus. Further analysis based on mitochondrial Cytb and Cox1 supported the inclusion of langbianis within Chiromyscus. This study provides molecular evidence for the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of C. langbianis, thereby contributing fundamental data for its population genetics research.