Abstract: Catalytic conversion of biomass was the main route to produce high quality bio-based aviation fuel and solve energy crisis. In this paper, according to the perspective of the existing preparation methods of bio-aviation fuel, the technical routes and catalytic systems required by different feedstocks and the catalysts used in different technical routes were summarized from the perspective of raw materials adapted to the demand(oil, lignocellulose biomass and sugar raw materials) and technical routes(hydrodeoxygenation, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, aldol condensation and olefin oligomerization). At the same time, the reaction conditions and reaction mechanism were also reported. It was pointed out that the critical problems in catalytic conversion process, including higher cost, complex process and conversion mechanism(high temperature and high pressure), higher H₂ consumption, poor selectivity of desired target products and deactivation of catalyst. Finally, according to the advantages and disadvantages of various raw materials and technical routes as well as the problems faced, some suggestions were proposed and the future development direction was prospected.