Abstract: Maleopimaric acid (MPA) was synthesized from Pinus massoniana Lamb rosin and maleic anhydride. A hyperbranched polyester (RHBPE) was synthesized based on one-pot esterification between maleopimaric acid and glycidol. The RHBPE was characterized by FT-IR, GPC and 1HNMR. FT-IR analysis indicated that MPA reacted completely with glycidol, and RHBPE contained large number of ester and hydroxyl groups. GPC analysis indicated that the largest molecular weight of RHBPE is 5 170, number average molecular weight Mn is 2 547, and weight average molecular weight Mw is 2 670. DB was determined as 0.54 by 1HNMR proton integrating process. Dissolution experiment and TG analysis indicated that RHBPE had good solubility and thermal stability. RHBPE was modified with acryloyl chloride to give a modified rosin-based hyperbranched polymers (VRHBP) which contained terminal vinyl group. FT-IR and 1HNMR spectra indicated that the terminal hydroxyl groups of RHBPE have been partially changed into terminal vinyl groups, i.e. 75% of modification degree of RHBPE.