Abstract: The research progress of chemical constituents and their pharmacological activities of bamboo plants was reviewed. The chemical constituents of bamboo include several kinds of compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, triterpenes, alkaloids and coumarins, etc. The extracts of bamboo have significant pharmacological activities, for instance, bacteriostasis, anti-oxidation and anti-aging, antitumor and adjusting lipid etc. They have potential medicinal values for further study.