Abstract:
This paper reviewed the applications of light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), FT-IR microscopy, confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and micro-UV spectrometer (UMSP) on chemical, biological and physical-chemical pretreatment in detail. The established approaches provided alternatives to the scientific research and industrialization development related to biomass conversion.