Abstract: Chemical composition and their variation patterns along stem height, and lignin distribution of Salix integra were investigated using the traditional determination of chemical composition and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The results showed that the contents of the extractives of 1% NaOH, hot-water, cold-water, benzene-ethanol, the holocellulose, α-cellulose, acid-insoluble lignin, acid-soluble lignin, pentosan and ash were 32.11%, 10.85%, 7.11%, 3.27%, 70.46%, 35.50%, 20.18%, 4.50%, 15.51% and 0.90%, respectively. The variation of each composition was significant in different parts except α-cellulose and pentosan. It was also observed that the lignin distribution was heterogeneous. The lignin concentration in vessel was higher than that in fiber and ray, and the lignin concentration in cell wall of fiber followed a decreasing order of the cell corner, the complex middle lamella and the secondary cell wall.