Abstract: Cotton stalk-charcoal was produced from cotton stalk by single step carbonization. According to the analysis of pyroysis reaction of cotton staw in the low temperature, moisture and volatile were released from cotton stalk.During the thermal decomposition reaction, conversion rate decreased with the increment of temperature. The mechanics index decreased at first, then increased with the temperature increase. Different cotton stalk charcoal were synthesized at the temperature range of 300-600℃.Cotton stalk were carbonized at the temperature of 300,400,500,and 600℃,and residence time of 60,120,180,240 min,respectively.The effects of temperature and residence time on the conversion rate,shear strength,compressive strength,calorific value,relatively energy density and energy conversion rate from cotton stalk to carbon were investigated.Results showed that cotton stalk-charcoal of conversion rate and energy conversion rate were investigated. It was found that a nonlinear relationship between all kinds of index and its affected factors.Dynamic performance multiple objective optimization of cotton stalk-charcoal indexs was successful based on the min-max method. Under the optimum performance such as 332℃, residence time 3 h 47 min, the conversion rate of cotton stalk charcoal is 39.08%,shear strength is 0.61MPa,compressive strength is 2.22MPa,calorific value is 25.62 MJ,relatively energy density is 153.79%,energy conversion rate is 59.97%.