Abstract: Soybean straw powder was swelled by ethanediamine(EDA) and dissolved in LiCl/DMSO solution to get a homogenies solution. In the homogenies solution, a novel hydrophobic oil-absorbing aerogel was fabricated from lignocellulose and monomers including methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate(BA) by the method of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) with using N, N-methylene diacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The chemical linkage, microstructure, rheology, hydrophobic and oil-absorption were determined by FT-IR, SEM, rheology tester, contact angle tester and so on. It could be concluded that the poly-(MMA-BA) matrix and lignocellulose chains were intertwined with each other in the aerogel and the aerogel had obvious porous three-dimensional network structure, good hydrophobicity and oil-absorption. The microstructure, hydrophobicity and oil-absorption could be regulated by adjusting the ratio of lignocellulose and the monomers. The lignocellulose aerogel obtained with the ratio of lignocellulose and monomers ratio of 1:4, had the loosest structure and relatively larger pores, and its absorption capacity on xylene and edible oil could reach up to 10.61 g/g and 7.41 g/g respectively, and these data were higher than those of others.