Abstract: Lignocellulosic resource, derived from agricultural and forestry residues in China, is an abundant, cheap and renewable feedstock from which can be bioconverted to bio-based chemicals such as fumaric acid. Production of bio-based chemicals from lignocellulose owes important social, environmental and economic benefits. Fumaric acid, an important platform chemical, has been widely used in the areas of materials, food, medicine, chemical engineering, etc. Rhizopus oryzae, is used as the main producer of fumaric acid and requires a little nutrients for growth.This review discussed production of fumaric acid from lignocellulose by Rhizopus oryzae, focusing on metabolic pathway of glucose and xylose, lignocellulosic feedstocks, fermentation strategies, co-production of multiple products. The emerging technologies and methods will improve large-scale production of fumaric acid from lignocellulose by Rhizopus oryzae.