Abstract: The cellulose dissolution capability and dissolution mechanism of current novel solvent systems, including aqueous solvent systems (NaOH aqueous solution, alkali/urea and NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution, quaternary ammonium/phosphine aqueous solution, and molten inorganic salt hydrates) and organic solvent systems (LiCl/N, N-dimethylacetamide, ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents) were reviewed. Sequentially, the advantages and disadvantages of various solvents were discussed, which could provided a reference for the future development and utilization of green cellulose solvents.