Abstract: The preparation of biofuels by catalytic hydrogenation from the pyrolysis products of Swida wilsoniana oil was studied. The catalytic hydrogenation process was investigated and optimized by single factor test and response surface experiments. The optimum parameters obtained by single factor test were catalyst dosage 1.0%, reaction temperature 170℃, reaction pressure 2.0 MPa, reaction time 150 min and the maximum conversion was 96.3%. The optimal parameters obtained by response surface experiments were catalyst dosage 1.05%, reaction temperature 173℃, reaction pressure 2.0 MPa, and the highest catalytic conversion rate was 98.1%. It was found by GC-MS, elemental analysis and FT-IR that after hydrogenation, alkanes increased by 8.15 percentage points, oxygen content decreased from 10.502% to 2.392%, and biological hydrocarbon compounds increased significantly, with the mass fraction of 95.12%. At the same time, the carbon chain C₃-C₇ in biofuels increased by 4.31 percentage point and C₈-C₁₉ increased by 18 percentage point compared with that of pyrolysis products. The product structure was closer to the existing fossil fuels.