Abstract: A novel biocompatible dehydrogenated trimethylolpropane polyester(DMPE) was successfully prepared from trimethylolpropane dehydroabietate(DATE) and malonic acid(MA). The physicochemical properties of DMPE were characterized by a variety of methods and its cytotoxicity was investigated. The aggregation and de-aggregation characteristics of DMPE chains during cooling and heating process, and the kinetic parameters of DMPE micellar aggregation under constant temperature conditions were also studied. The results showed that DMPE has been successfully synthesized, and the number average molecular weight, the weight average molecular weight, and the degree of polymerization were 3 900, 6 300, and 7.8. Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy showed that DMPE had a scattering peak at 400 nm, and TG and analysis showed that DMPE started to compose at about 320 ℃, and completely degraded at 450 ℃. Moreover, DMPE aqueous solution had a proliferative effect on L929 cells at a low concentration, and the cell viability gradually decreased with the increasing concentration. During the cooling process, the DMPE chains aggregated to form micellars, and the aggregation temperature increased with the increasing concentration. However in the heating process, the aggregated micellars gradually de-aggregated and presented an obvious hysteresis. Kinetic studies indicated that the low temperature was conducive to the aggregation of micells. When the temperature was 3 ℃, the Avrami index(n) was 5.79, rate constant(k_p) was 1.78×10^-11, the pre-exponential factor(A) was 1.55×10²², and the apparent activation energy(E_a) was -127.12 kJ/mol. The temperature responsiveness and biocompatibility of DMPE make it as a surfactant and drug carrier.