Abstract: The partial least squares(PLS) method was used to establish the near infrared quantitative analysis model for the contents of trans-anethole and shikimic acid in Illicium verum. The near-infrared spectrogram(NIR)of star anise powder was collected by near-infrared spectroscopy, and the mass fractions of trans-anethole and shikimic acid in star anise powder were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) as reference values. The NIR was correlated with the reference values of mass fractions through spectral processing software, and the quantitative analysis model of each component to be measured was established. The spectra of trans-anethole were pretreated by the second derivative, the wave number ranges were 7 502-5 446.2 and 4 601.5-4 246.7 cm^-1 and the dimension was 10; the spectra of shikimic acid were pretreated by the first derivation plus linear substraction with 7 502-6 098.1 and 5 450.1-4 597.6 cm^-1 as wave number ranges, and the dimension was 8. The results showed that the determination coefficients(R²) of the established rapid nondestructive quantitative detection models for the contents of trans-anethole and shikimic acid in I. verum were 90.86% and 93.13%, respectively. The root mean square errors of cross-validation(RMSECV) of the correction set were 0.158 and 0.285, the root mean square errors of the verification set(RMSRP) were 0.068 7 and 0.171, and the paired T-test P values were 0.761 and 0.194, respectively, both greater than 0.05. The deviation between the measured value and the reference value was small. The established model could accurately determine the contents of trans-anethole and shikimic acid in I. verum.