Abstract: Taking Dendrocalamus sinicus(DS) as the research object, hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid(PA) pretreatment was carried out to investigate the effects of sulfuric acid addition on chemical compositions, enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and ethanol yield. The results showed that the lignin content of bamboo decreased with the increase of sulfuric acid during PA pretreatment, while the relative contents of cellulose and hemicellulose increased. In addition, adding sulfuric acid as reaction promoter in PA pretreatment could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. When the volume fraction of sulfuric acid was 0.5%, the 72 h yields of glucose and xylose were 84.77% and 85.05%, respectively, which were increased by 42.40% and 33.72% compared to that of hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid pretreatment without sulfuric acid. The hydrolysate was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the mass concentration of ethanol was 13.52 g/L, which was 73.33% higher than that of the hydrolysate pretreated by hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid without sulfuric acid. During the PA pretreatment of D. sinicus, sulfuric acid was used as an additive, which could reduce the hydrophobicity of substrate and the surface coverage of lignin while the crystallinity and specific surface area were increased. Adding 0.5% sulfuric acid, the accessibility of cellulose increased from 282.15 mg/g (without sulfuric acid) to 500.12 mg/g, as well as further increased the productive adsorption between cellulase and cellulose, resulting in an improvement of the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and fermentation yield of D. sinicus.