Abstract: Hydrophobic nano-SiO₂ modified bio-based UV curable resin was prepared using glycidyl methacrylate modified itaconic acid prepolymer(GI) and epoxy soybean oil(ESO) based synthetic product GIESO as raw materials and using tetrahydrofuran methacrylate(THFMA) as diluent. Then, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO) as a phosphorus-containing flame retardant was introduced to prepare a UV-curable wood coatings with hydrophobic and flame retardant properties. The effects of SiO₂ and DOPO on coating properties were studied by adjusting the relative contents of these two components in the resins. The research results showed that when the amount of SiO₂ was 0.5%(calculated by the mass of GIESO/THFMA, which was also applied as below), the comprehensive performance of the coating GIESO/THFMA-Si0.5 was the best, with a water absorption rate of 0.49% and a contact angle of 108.2°. When the dosage of DOPO was 20%, a UV-curable wood coatings with high film coating, hydrophobic and flame retardant properties was prepared. The hardness of film was 6H, the adhesion was level 1, the flexibility was 4 mm, the contact angle was 103.7° and the limiting oxygen index(LOI) was up to 24.0%.