Abstract: The essential oils of Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn) A. Henry et H. H. Thomas leaves from different provenances were studied. By reducing the influence of growth environment on leaf essential oil content and composition, the relationship between the essential oil and heredity of Fujian cypress from different provenances was better reflected, and provenances with more application value were screened out. The research object was taken from 14 F. hodginsii provenances of F. hodginsii provenance experimental forest in Fengtian state-owned forest farm of Anxi, Fujian Province. The essential oil from F. hodginsii leaves was extracted by ultrasonic assisted steam distillation. The components and GC content of the essential oil of F. hodginsii leaves were detected by GC-MS, and the differences in the yield and composition of the essential oil from different provenances of Fujian cypress leaf were analyzed. Through single factor test and orthogonal test design, the optimum extraction process of ultrasonic assisted steam distillation of F. hodginsii leaves was obtained under the conditions as follow: liquid-to-material ratio of 3.5:1(mL: g), extraction time of 8 h, ultrasonic treatment time of 30 min and ultrasonic power of 240 W. Under these conditions, the yield of essential oil was 0.252%. A total of 17 main components were detected in the essential oil of 14 provenances, accounting for 86%-92% of the total components. The GC content of the main components(components with content greater than 1%) was significantly different. Among them, α-pinene, 1-octen-3-ol, β-pinene, β-myrcene, D-limonene, β-caryophyllene, Z, Z, Z-1, 5, 9, 9-tetramethyl-1, 4, 7-cycloun-decatriene, β-cubebene, and γ-cadinene were the common major components. The GC content of α-pinene was about 50%. The essential oil composition and GC content of Chongqing Jiangjin provenance were significantly different from those of other provenances. The essential oil composition and GC content of most of the provenance leaves in Fujian Province had a strong correlation. Among three provenances in Guangxi, there was a strong correlation between the two provenances of Guilin Guanyang and Nanning Damingshan. The essential oil compositions of Shenzhen Nanling, Guangdong Province had a strong correlation with the provenance in Fujian Province, which showed that the essential oil composition and the GC content of F. hodginsii leaves with a closer seed source had a strong correlation. The comprehensive score of the main components of the essential oil of F. hodginsii leaves from different provenances was the highest in Guangxi Laibin Jinxiu, with low content of α-pinene, and the lowest comprehensive score was Fujian Putian Xianyou, with high α-pinene content. According to the provenance, GC content of the main components and the comprehensive score of the main components, Fujian Sanming Datian and Guangxi Guilin Guanyang were more suitable as excellent provenances for extracting the essential oil of F. hodginsii leaves, which could be used for early breeding varieties, so as to achieve better development and utilization of F. hodginsii.