Abstract: Liquefaction is one of the main methods for utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. The chemical structure of the liquefied product of bamboo powder in phenol solvent catalyzed by acid and the structure of its phenol-formaldehyde resin were investigated. The analyses indicated strong absorption peaks in the FT-IR spectrum of bamboo-phenol liquefaction product as follows: C=O stretching vibration, C=C stretching vibration and aromatic ring vibration at 1595.32-1512.70 cm-1, O—H in-plane bending vibration at 1360.77 cm-1, C—O of primary alcohol stretching vibration at 1028.62 cm-1 and its fingerprint region, phenolic C—O absorption at 1512.70 cm-1 and the increased absorption at 832.79-691.68 cm-1. The FT-IR spectrum of the resin from bamboo-phenol liquefaction product with formaldehyde is similar to that of common phenol-formaldehyde resin.