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季节与贮存时间对松针精油得率及化学成分的影响

Influences of Sampling Season and Storage Time on Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Pine Needles

  • 摘要: 采用水蒸气蒸馏法从不同季节、不同贮存时间的松针中提取精油,采用GC-MS技术分析了所得精油的化学成分,并进行了成分的对比分析.结果表明,6月份松针精油的得率是0.61%,精油中质量分数较高的成分是α-蒎烯(19.00%)、桧萜(19.61%)、橄香醇(15.38%)、醋酸冰片酯(10.05%),其中总萜烯质量分数达到88.0%,优于其它季节的松针精油.贮存1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月后的干燥松针精油得率分别为0.60%、0.58%、0.53%、0.21%,对应精油中总萜烯质量分数分别为79.93%、76.03%、7.33%、6.97%.随着贮存时间延长,提取精油中单萜烯质量分数降低,含氧萜烯质量分数增高.

     

    Abstract: Essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation method from pine needles in different seasons with different storage time and then GC-MS analysis was carried out to determine chemical composition of the essential oil. The yield of pine-needle essential oil gathered in June was 0.61% and the major components of essential oil had the following order; α-pinene(19.00%), sabinene(19.61%), elemol(15.38%), bornyl acetate(10.05%). Total amount of terpenes in the sample of June exceeded 88.40%, which was the highest among the tested. After storages of 1, 3, 6, 12 months, oil yields of dry sample were 0.60%, 0.58%, 0.53% and 0.21%, respectively, while the amounts of terpenes in the essential oil were 79.93%, 76.03%, 74.33% and 64.97%, respectively. With the prolonging of storage time, the concentration of monoterpene in essential oil decreased, whereas the concentration of oxygenated terpene increased.

     

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