Abstract: Xanthoceras sorbifolia is a biodiesel feedstock tree, whose leaves, stems, hulls, testa and kernals are diverse in chemical composition. In addition, the components identified in cell wall were those storage materials, such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, carbohydrate and fat. Besides, secondary products including steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, organic acids, anthraquinones and others were also found. These species have potential utilization in the industries of dietary, medicine, feeding, chemical engineering and energy. Based on the review of the chemical composition and comprehensive analysis, the existing main problems were mentioned and prospect of this research field was pointed out.