Abstract: Camellia oleifera Abel is a species of important woody oil crop. However its fruit shell, containing tannins, is still not effectively utilized and even discarded to pollute environment. In this study, the mean value of tannin content from the shell was determined as 11.06%. Tannin constituent from the shell was obtained by conventional extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction with water, and the extraction effect of two methods were compared. Tannin content of the extract was 32%-36%. Main constituents of the extract were identified as follows:condensed tannins were demonstrated by color reaction and formaldehyde condensation reaction;anthocyanidin reaction and IR spectra suggested that it belongs to proanthocyanidins;gallic acid esters in tannin structures were determined by hydrolysis. The results of qualitative test showed that main component tannins from the shell are condensed tannins which belong to partially gallated proanthocyanidins.