Abstract: Dynamic covalent bonds were a type of chemical bond that can be broken and restored under specific conditions. Among them, Schiff base was a dynamic covalent bond formed by the condensation of aldehydes and amine compounds. A bio-based Schiff base compound(MV/S) was synthesized by the reaction between the amine group of 1, 8-p-menthanediamine(MD) with the aldehyde group of vanillin. A Schiff base compound(EV/S) without aliphatic ring was synthesized by replacing MD with ethylenediamine. Using MV/S and EV/S as chain extenders, the self-healing Schiff base polyurethane films(PU/SM and PU/SE) were prepared, At the sametime, the polyurethane without Schiff base(PU/BDO) prepared without MV/S and EV/S was used as a blank control to determine the effect of MD on the properties of self-healing polyurethane. Various analytical and testing methods were employed to study the structure, mechanical properties, and self-healing performance of the polyurethanes. The results showed that the tensile strength of PU/SM was 30.7 MPa, which was 20.1 MPa higher than that of PU/BDO. TG/DTG analysis revealed that the introduction of MD significantly improved the heat resistance of PU/SM. Comparison at the same temperature showed a significant reduction in relaxation time of PU/SM compared to that of PU/SE, indicating that the introduction of MD promoted the exchange rate of dynamic covalent bonds. Compared with PU/SE, PU/SM exhibited a faster relaxation rate, and the activation energy was reduced by 35. 84 kJ/mol. The results of self-healing performance tests demonstrated that PU/SM had superior self-healing properties compared to PU/BDO and PU/SE, with a self-healing rate of 77% for the sheared PU/SM film after 24 h of heating at 80 ℃.