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贵州4种乡土植物对锑矿土的适应性及金属积累特征研究

The Adaptability and Metal Accumulation of Four Native Plants to Antimony Mineral Soil in Guizhou

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 筛选合适的植物材料以促进退化锑矿山的生态恢复。
    方法 本研究以马桑、柳杉、亮叶桦、车前草为研究对象，以非矿土（NMS）为对照，研究锑矿土（MS）对植物生物量，光合参数及不同器官碳（C）、氮（N）和磷（P）浓度的影响，并探讨植物对锑（Sb）、砷（As）积累能力。
    结果 亮叶桦和车前草的生物量、净光合速率在MS处理下与对照相比无显著差异，植物耐性指数（TI）分别为92.12%、123.57%，均具有良好的耐受能力；马桑和柳杉的生物量、净光合速率在MS处理显著低于对照，植物TI分别为67.54%、45.49%，对锑矿污染土壤较为敏感。柳杉叶、茎、根N浓度，马桑叶的N浓度表现为MS处理显著低于对照；亮叶桦叶、茎、根C、N浓度及化学计量比在MS处理与对照相比差异不显著；车前草叶C、N浓度和根N浓度表现为MS处理显著高于对照；4种植物叶、根P浓度均表现为MS处理高于对照。在MS处理下，马桑、柳杉、亮叶桦、车前草根对土壤中可利用的Sb、As的生物富集系数（BFA）均大于1，其中对Sb的BFA分别为30.79、9.85、36.98、24.02。
    结论 亮叶桦、车前草在锑矿土上具有较强的适应性、养分利用效率和重金属富集能力，可作为锑矿污染地生态恢复的潜在植物材料。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To Screen appropriate plants for facilitating the ecological restoration of degraded antimony mines.
    Method Four native plant species, including Coriaria napalensis, Cryptomeria fortunei, Betula luminifera, and Plantago asiatica, were grown in antimony mineral soil (MS), and the effects of MS on the plant biomass production, photosynthetic capacity, nutrient concentrations (carbon C, nitrogen N, and phosphorous P), and antimony (Sb), arsenic (As) accumulation were explored. Non-mineral soil (NMS) was treated as the control.
    Result The plant biomass and photosynthesis rate of B. luminifera and P. asiatica were insignificantly affected by MS compared to the control, suggesting the high tolerance to Sb with tolerance indices (TI) values of 92.12% and 123.57%, respectively. In contrast, C. napalensis and C. fortunei in MS significantly decreased in plant growth and photosynthesis under MS than that in control, with TI values of 67.54% and 45.49%. The N concentrations in the leaves, stems, and roots of C. fortunei, and the N concentration in the leaves of C. napalensis, were significantly lower under MS than those under the control treatment. Conversely, B. luminifera remained constant concentrations of C and N, as well as stoichiometric ratios in leaves, stems, and roots between MS treatment and control. P. asiatica demonstrated significantly higher C and N concentrations in leaves and higher N concentrations in roots under MS treatment compared to the control. For all four species, the P concentrations in leaves and roots were higher under MS treatment than those in control. The bioconcentration factors (BAF) of Sb and As in four species were all more than 1, and the BAF of Sb in C. napalensis, C. fortunei, B. luminifera, P. asiatica were 30.79, 9.85, 36.98 and 24.02 under MS treatment, respectively.
    Conclusion P. asiatica and B. luminifera have high nutrient balance, high tolerance and accumulation to Sb pollution; thus, they can be used as potential plant materials for ecological restoration in antimony mining areas.

     

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