Abstract: Phosphorus is an essential mineral nutrient element that plays an important role in plant growth and development. Although most soils have sufficient total phosphorus reserves, most of the organic and inorganic phosphorus in the soil exhibit low solubility and low available, leading to the extremely low soil available phosphorus content. Plant root exudates are important mediators linking energy, matter and information transfer at the interface between the plant root system and the soil. They can directly regulate the activation of soil ineffective phosphorus, and also can indirectly improve the bioavailability of soil phosphorus by recruiting inter-root microorganisms. In this paper, the potential mechanisms of different root exudates to improve soil phosphorus effectiveness are elucidated, and how root exudates can recruit inter-root microorganisms to promote soil phosphorus activation is discussed in the light of the existing studies at home and abroad. Meanwhile, the future research direction is also prospected. It will provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of efficient plant phosphorus utilization and cultivating phosphorus efficient varieties.