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我国首次发现桉树叶瘿姬小蜂及其寄生蜂桉树大痣小蜂

First Report of Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan) and Its Parasitoid Megastigmus sp.1

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 对我国桉树叶片上形成虫瘿危害、造成桉树叶片生长畸形、长势缓慢的一种害虫进行分子和形态鉴定，确定害虫种类，为野外识别、监测与防治提供理论参考。
    方法 在广州市花都区桉树林中，采集尾叶桉上带有虫瘿的桉树枝条10枝。放置于实验室透明塑料圆形容器中，每天收集虫瘿中羽化的小蜂，统计数量、区分种类。采用DNA提取试剂盒的方法提取了小蜂DNA，并对COI和28S rRNA两个片段进行测序，同时在NCBI上下载同属物种，以桉树扁角金绿姬小蜂Closterocerus chamaeleon (Girault)为外群，使用MAGE 11软件基于邻接法构建系统发育树，通过体式显微镜观察桉树叶瘿姬小蜂成虫、卵、幼虫和蛹的形态特征，经与相关文献进行对比分析，进行物种鉴定。
    结果 实验室共获得害虫小蜂1 485头，寄生蜂217头，桉树叶瘿姬小蜂的COI和28S rRNA的序列长度分别为665 bp和588 bp，桉树大痣小蜂的COI和28S rRNA的序列长度分别为675 bp和1 049 bp。经Blastn同源性比对，分别与在线公布的Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan)和Megastigmus sp.1相似度最高，均达99%以上，并经形态学验证，确定害虫为桉树叶瘿姬小蜂Ophelimus eucalypti（Gahan），寄生蜂为桉树大痣小蜂(Megastigmus sp.1)。
    结论 桉树叶瘿姬小蜂在多种桉树上形成大量虫瘿，造成桉树顶端生长受抑制，影响桉树成林。需要对该害虫加强监测和防治，阻止害虫在桉树栽培区域广泛传播。同时也可利用寄生蜂天敌开展生物防治，实现害虫可持续治理。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The insect galls formed on the leaves of Eucalyptus in China caused the growth deformity of Eucalyptus leaves. Molecular and morphological identification of a pest with slow growth were carried out to determine the species of pests, which provided a theoretical reference for field identification, monitoring and control of pests.
    Method In the Eucalyptus forest in Huadu District of Guangzhou City, 10 branches of Eucalyptus with pest galls were collected. They were placed in a transparent plastic circular pot, and the eclosion wasps in the insect galls were collected every day, and the number and species were counted. Genomic DNA was extracted using a DNA extraction kit, and the DNA genes of the wasps were sequenced for COI and 28S rRNA. At the same time, the same genus species were downloaded on NCBI. Closterocerus chamaeleon (Girault) was used as the outgroup, and MAGE 11 was used to construct the phylogenetic tree based on the adjacency method. The morphological characteristics of adults, eggs, larvae and pupae of Ophelimus eucalypti were observed by stereomicroscope, and the species were identified by comparative analysis with relevant literatures.
    Result A total of 1485 pest wasps and 217 parasitic wasps were obtained. The sequence lengths of COI and 28S rRNA of Ophelimus eucalypti were 665 bp and 588 bp, respectively. The sequence lengths of COI and 28S rRNA of Megastigmus sp.1 were 675 bp and 1 049 bp, respectively. Through Blastn homology comparison, the highest similarity with Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan) and Megastigmus sp.1 published online was more than 99%. After morphological verification, it was determined that the pest was identified as Ophelimus. eucalypti (Gahan), and the parasitoid was identified as Megastigmus sp.1.
    Conclusion The found O. eucalypti formed a large number of galls on a variety of Eucalyptus, resulting in the inhibition of the growth of the top of Eucalyptus and affecting the formation of Eucalyptus forest. It is necessary to strengthen the pests monitoring and prevention, and prevent the pests from spreading widely in the Eucalyptus cultivation area. At the same time, parasitic wasps can also be used for biological control to achieve sustainable pest management.

     

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