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红锥家系心材材质遗传变异及材用型家系选择研究

Genetic Variation of Heartwood Properties and Selection of Timber-use Families of Castanopsis hystrix

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 解析红锥心材材质性状遗传变异规律，筛选材用型优质良种。
    方法 本研究以23年生红锥家系试验林（32家系参试）为对象，通过家系内优株4 m以下主干材标准件物理力学性质测定及其遗传变异分析，解析其遗传变异规律；采用布雷金多性状综合评价法，筛选材用型家系。
    结果 红锥心材色度a*、气干密度、气干切向干缩、抗压强度、弹性模型为14.60、0.70 g·cm−3、0.53、43.66 MPa、10.63 GPa，其家系效应显著或极显著，相应家系遗传力分别为0.47、0.47、0.40、0.46、0.51；筛选F7、F21、F27三个材用型优良家系，其弹性模量、气干切向干缩、密度、色度a*的遗传增益为9.66%、3.16%、5.41%、3.57%，相应性状的现实增益分别为18.93%、6.86%、13.53%、7.59%。
    结论 本研究系统阐释了红锥心材材质遗传效应、环境效应及二者互作，为材用型优良家系综合评价及其精准选择提供了理论依据，研究结果将有助于红锥遗传改良及人工林定向培育。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation patterns of heartwood traits in Castanopsis hystrix and to identify superior families for timber production.
    Methods The study was performed in a 23-year-old C. hystrix family experimental plantation, including 32 families. Standard samples were collected from the main trunk of selected dominant trees below 4 m in height. Physicomechanical properties of heartwood were measured, and their genetic variation patterns were analyzed. A Superior families for timber-use were implemented by the Breggin multi-trait evaluation method.
    Results The mean values of chrominance (a*), wood density, tangential shrinkage of air-dried wood, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of C. hystrix heartwood were 14.60, 0.70 g/cm3, 0.53, 43.66 MPa, and 10.63 GPa, respectively. Family effects were significant or highly significant for all traits, with corresponding family heritabilities of 0.47, 0.47, 0.40, 0.46, and 0.51, respectively. Three superior families for timber-use, F7, F21 and F27, were selected. The genetic gains for elastic modulus, tangential shrinkage of air-dried wood, density and a* were 9.66%, 3.16%, 5.41%, 3.57%, and 18.93%, 6.86%, 13.53%, 7.59%, respectively.
    Conclusion This study systematically elucidated the effects of genetic factors, environmental factors, and their interactions on heartwood properties of C. hystrix. The results provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive evaluation and precise selection of superior timber-use families, and contribute to the genetic improvement and efficient cultivation of C. hystrix.

     

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