高级检索+

北京市3种道路防护林春季滞尘规律研究

Dust-retention Effect of 3 Road Protection Forests in Spring in Beijing

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究不同道路防护林的滞尘能力及滞尘的动态变化和空间分布规律。
    方法 在春季对3种道路防护林(油松林、圆柏林、银杏林)距道路不同宽度的滞尘量进行连续观测,对比3种道路防护林滞尘能力,分析降雨、极大风速、相对湿度、PM10等因子对滞尘动态的影响以及3种道路防护林滞尘的空间分布特征。使用单位叶干质量滞尘量(mg·g-1)表征叶面滞尘能力。
    结果 表明:(1)3种植物叶面滞尘能力差异显著,圆柏 > 银杏 > 油松,分别为4.79±0.20、2.48±0.07、1.42±0.04 mg·g-1,单株和单位林分面积滞尘量均为圆柏林 > 油松林 > 银杏林;(2)3种道路防护林在外界影响下滞尘量处于动态变化之中,油松林具有比银杏和圆柏林更高的滞尘稳定性;(3)降雨量较低时3种道路防护林滞尘量均增加,降雨量较高时3种道路防护林滞尘量均降低,油松和银杏林的滞尘量更容易受降雨影响而降低;随着风速增大,3种道路防护林滞尘作用不断加强,风速继续增大时,油松和圆柏林滞尘量均有减少,银杏林滞尘量仍有显著增加。(4)3种道路防护林滞尘量在五环路侧(北)均高于香山路侧(南),油松和圆柏林均呈现为道路防护林中间位置为最低点,银杏林中间位置滞尘量最高。(5)油松和圆柏林滞尘量外部比内部变化大,银杏林滞尘量内部比外部变化大。
    结论 道路防护林的滞尘效益受树种、林分结构、所处环境、天气条件等多方面因素共同影响,在营建和管理过程中应充分考虑各种因素,充分发挥滞尘作用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To study the dust-retention ability, dynamic change and spatial distribution characteristics among three road protection forests.
    Method Three types of road protection forests (Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Sabina chinensis forest and Ginkgo biloba forest) were observed continuously in spring at different distances from the road, and the dust retention ability of the road protection forests was compared. Rainfall, wind speed and relative humidity, PM10 and other factors influencing the dynamics and spatial distribution characteristics of dust retention was analyzed.
    Result (1) There were significant differences in leaf dust retention ability among the three plant species, S. chinensis > G. biloba> P. tabulaeformis, with 4.79 ± 0.20 mg.g-1, 2.48 ± 0.07 mg.g-1, and 1.42 ± 0.04 mg.g-1, respectively; (2) The dust retention amount in the three road protection forests changed with the outside influencing factors, and the dust retention of P. tabulaeformis forest had higher stability than that of the other two species. (3) The amount of dust retention increased when the rainfall was less, and decreased when rainfall became more. The dust retention of P. tabulaeformis and G. biloba forests was more susceptible to rainfall. With the increase of wind speed, the dust retention of three road protection forests was strengthened continuously. When wind speed continued to increase, the amount of dust retention of P. tabulaeformis and Sabina chinensis forests decreased, while that of G. biloba forest significantly increased. (4) The amount of dust retention in the three forests was higher in the north side of the Fifth Ring Road than that in the south of Xiangshan Road. The dust retention in the middle position of P.s tabulaeformis and S. chinensis forests was the lowest, while that in the middle position of G. biloba forest had higher volume. (5) The change of dust retention in the outside part of P. tabulaeformis and S. chinensis forests was more active than that in the interior, while the change of dust retention in interior G. biloba forest was more active than the outside part.
    Conclusion Dust retention efficiency of road protection forests is affected by tree species, forest structure, environment and weather conditions. In the construction and management of urban plants, relevant factors should be taken into account to achieve full dust retention effect.

     

/

返回文章
返回