Objective  To study the distribution, community and population situation of Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe according to its population growth and environmental conditions, and put forward the relevant protection proposals.

Method By literature retrieval, specimens records and field survey.

Result  The community of R. imschootiana Rolfe was found in Yuan River and the investigation results show: (1) R. imschootiana Rolfe distributes in the Yuanjiang National Nature Reserve, only two distribution centers have been discovered in low mountain at the altitude of 1 042~1 135 m; (2) The original record about its distribution center at the altitude of 500 m became a farmland so that R. imschootiana Rolfe has not been discovered; (3) the plant numbers of R. imschootiana Rolfe are 12 and only one plant is seedling so that it is a typical declining population; (4) The natural regeneration of R. imschootiana is hard because the main cause of its unfruitful flowers, with hard living environment, low seed germination rate and population density sparse.

Conclusion  The main community type is evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, only 12 strains of R. imschootiana Rolfe were discovered, including a seeding, and its unfruitful flowers result to regeneration is limited.