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干旱胁迫及复水对绿竹容器苗生理特征的影响

Effect of Drought Stress and Re-watering on Physiological Characteristics of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii Container Seedling

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究模拟干旱环境下水分亏缺对绿竹容器苗主要营养器官生理特性的影响，为绿竹规模化育苗栽培制定适宜的经营管理及节水灌溉技术方案提供理论依据。
    方法 以绿竹组培苗为试验材料，采用盆栽苗控水方式，测定分析不同干旱胁迫条件下绿竹叶片及根系抗氧化酶、膜脂渗透性、叶片光合色素含量、以及根系活力等生理指标。
    结果 表明：随着干旱胁迫加重，绿竹叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量明显下降，各处理间均达到差异显著（P < 0.05），复水后叶绿素a、叶绿素b、及类胡萝卜素含量均明显升高，其中叶绿素a、叶绿素b达到差异显著（P < 0.05），但类胡萝卜素差异不显著（P>0.05）；干旱胁迫下，根系活力呈明显下降趋势，中度干旱胁迫（MS）和重度干旱胁迫（SS）根系活力分别比对照（CK）下降14.35%、33.31%，均达到差异显著（P < 0.05），复水后，根系活力均明显升高，分别达到了CK处理根系活力的96.75%、73.84%；干旱胁迫下，根系及叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量均呈上升趋势，且在复水后均呈现一定下降趋势，表现为中度干旱胁迫后复水（MS-CK）降低程度高于重度干旱胁迫后复水（SS-CK），各处理间均达到差异显著（P < 0.05）。
    结论 模拟干旱环境下，增加干旱胁迫程度，绿竹的根系活力及叶片色素含量呈显著降低，MDA含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性均升高。复水后，根系活力及叶片色素含量较干旱胁迫时有所提高，MDA含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性有明显下降，不同干旱程度补偿能力不同，表现为中度干旱胁迫后复水高于重度干旱胁迫后复水，且不同营养器官对于解除干旱后消除活性氧及修复适应能力也不尽相同。绿竹根系活力和叶绿素含量与干旱胁迫程度呈负相关，而保护酶SOD、CAT、POD活性以及MDA含量均与干旱胁迫程度呈正相关。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective In order to lay a theoretical basis for the large-scale management and water-saving irrigation of Dendrocalamopsis oldhamii container seedling, the method of simulating drought environment was employed to study the physiological characteristics of different nutrition absorb organs with different drought levels.
    Method The tissue culture D. oldhamii were selected as research object. The antioxidant enzyme, malonaldehyde, leaf photosynthetic pigment content and the roots activities were measured with different drought stress levels.
    Result The experiment showed that under simulated drought environment, with the increase of drought stress, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids of D. oldhamii leaves decreased significantly (P < 0.05), after rehydration, the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b recovered significantly (P < 0.05), but the carotenoids was not significant(P>0.05). The roots activities under moderate drought stress (MS) and severe drought stress (SS) decreased by 14.35% and 33.31% compared to control (P < 0.05), and after re-watering, the root activities increased by 96.75% and 73.84% respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities as well as malonaldehyde (MDA) content both in leaves and roots increased significantly, and after re-watering all of them decreased significantly. Moreover, the compensation ability after moderate drought stress (MS-CK) was significantly better than that after severe drought stress (SS-CK) (P < 0.05).
    Conclusion Under simulated drought environment, with the increase of drought stress, the root activity and leaf photosynthetic pigment content decrease significantly, on the contrary, the SOD, CAT and POD activity as well as MDA content increase. After re-watering, the root activity and leaf pigment content rise significantly, and the SOD, CAT and POD activity as well as MDA content decrease significantly. Moreover, the compensation ability under moderate drought is significantly better than that under severe drought. Different nutrition organs are not the same in removing active oxygen and repairing ability. It is also found that there is a negative correlation between the root activity and the photosynthetic pigment content of D. oldhamii and the degree of drought stress, while MDA content, SOD, CAT and POD activity are positively related to the degree of drought stress.

     

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