Objective To provide a theoretical basis for the conservation and propagation of the two species of Russula and the realization of artificial cultivation, the mycosphere soil microbial communities of Russula rosea and Russula griseocarnosa was analyzed, and the soil microorganisms that promoting the growth of the two species of Russula were screened.

Method The community structure of mycosphere and bulk soil microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) of two species of Russula were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology, and evaluated comprehensively based on soil physicochemical property.

Result The mycosphere soil microorganisms of the two species of Russula were slightly different. The dominant mycosphere soil microorganisms of R. rosea were Acidothermus, Mycobacterium, Reyranella, Ktedonobacter, Rhodanobacter and Oidiodendron, while the dominant mycosphere soil microorganisms of R. griseocarnosa were Variibacter, Bryobacter, Blastochloris, Cladophialophora, Paecilomyces and Arthrinium. Bacteria (Variibacter, Candidatus_Solibacter, Sorangium, Mycobacterium, Singulisphaera, Isosphaera, Bdellovibrio and Paenibacillus) and fungi (Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Hypomyces) were the common growth promoting microbes of Russula rosea and R. griseocarnosa. pH was the key factor affecting mycosphere soil microorganisms.

Conclusion The two species of Russula can specifically select soil microorganisms that are beneficial to their growth according to their growth needs and form different microbial community structures. The mycosphere mycorrhizal auxiliary bacteria that were screened out in this study can provide theoretical basis for the preparation of special microbial fertilizer and artificial propagation promotion of Russula, which has great promotion for the sustainable utilization of Russula, the expansion of understory edible fungi scale and the improvement of economic benefits.