Abstract: This paper briefly introduces the research progress and achievements of Chinas poplar breeding,and tries to identify the main factors restraining poplar breeding in China. Strategies for the development of poplar breeding in China were proposed: Making systematic breeding programmes by combining long and short-term objectives under the guidance of the society needs;Paying attention to the parent choices; Enriching and creating the genetic base of poplar breeding; Maintaining genetic diversity in breeding programs and promoting selection and breeding for high efficient resources use; Based on constant innovation in breeding theory and technology, the modern poplar breeding system is going to be established. And new breakthroughs will be achived in China’s poplar breeding.