Abstract: The morphological characteristics of seven types of Chinese horned gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, were observed and measured by both optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the characteristics of each type are adapted to their divisions of labor respectively. Both the spring and autumn migrants have well developed legs, wings, antennae, sensilla and are adapted to their functions, migration and reproduction. Fundatrigeniae and overwintering nymphs have developed legs, mouthparts and are adapted to their functions, feeding, reproduction or overwintering. The fundatrix has the smallest body sizes, developed legs, mouthparts and is adapted to its functions, feeding, gall formation and reproduction. Female and male sexuales have small body sizes, undeveloped legs, degenerated mouthparts and are adapted to their functions, mating and reproduction. The adaptation of S. chinensis to its living environment by combining the habitat of each type was discussed.