Abstract: The underground rhizome system of monopodial bamboo is not only one of important parts of growth and yield in bamboo stands, but also a difficult, hot point to study. According to current research,the underground rhizome system of monopodial bamboo the effects of weather, soil, terrain condition and management interference on the growth of are reviewed,and great emphasis is put on the weak points of research and the directions of study in the future are discussed.