Abstract: Taxus wallichiana var. mairei provenance trails consisting of 24 seed sources were conducted in shaded farmland located at Mingxi of Fujian and Longquan of Zhejiang, aiming at elucidationg the provenance differences and geographic variation patterns for growth, branch trait, fresh biomass yield and taxol contents at young harvest stage and selecting the superior medical provenances. The results showed significant differences existed among provenances for tree height, root collar diameter, crown width, the size and number of branches and taxol contents of the fresh branch leaves, whereas obvious geographic variation patterns were not observed. The provenances from warmer and less rainfall areas grew faster and had more branches as well as thicker crown. In comparison, the provenances from the areas with lower annual mean temperature and ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature had higher taxol content in branches and leaves, whereas significant effect of annual rainfall of the seed sources on the taxol content was not found. Besides significant provenance variation, significant location effect and provenance by location interaction on growth and branch traits were also demonstrated. Better planting site combined with rich water and heat resource and suitable planting density were favorable to accelerate young tree growth and promote fresh biomass harvest yield. Significant positive correlation between young tree growth rate and branch traits was detected; however, the taxol content in branches and leaves was weakly related to the growth rate, branch traits and harvest yield, which were beneficial to the selection of provenances with higher harvest yield and taxol content. Based on the taxol content and the harvest yield, superior medical provenances including Liping of Guizhou, Shiping of Yunnan, Huangshan of Anhui, Zherong of Fujian, Sangzhi of Hunan were selected, all of which exhibited higher taxol content (≥97 mg·kg-1) and taxol yield (17.65%-25.77% higher than the average) in branches and leaves.