Abstract: The wild Paphiopedilum a rm en iacum were cultivated in greenhouse for experiment in 2005, and the habitat of Paphiopedilum arm eniacum was investigated by typ ical samp ling technology in Ap ril of 2006. The result indicated that the species had well adap ted to a cool subtrop ical climate in mountain area up to 2 100 m at altitude. Thespecies p refered to live within a regenerated shrub community dominated by rhododendron and oaks, which p rovidedabundant humus on the soil developed from limestone. Its vegetative p rogeny always rep roducd from extended rootsystem and p resented its distribution pattern as a group of families. Ex situ p lanting could be a p ractical app roach ofspecies conservation. The p lants of Paphiopedilum arm eniacum grew well under condition differing from their naturaldistribution. There was no significant effect of shadow and fertilization treatments on leave chlorophyll content. However, differenceswere found in leave length and thickness as a result of fertilizing and shadowing, respectively.