Abstract: In China,Eucalyptus plantations are intensively managed for commercial uses.It appeared that the variety of insect pests and their damage degree to the eucalyptus were increasing with the expansion of the pure eucalyptus plantations.The control of these pests should follow the principal of ecological control.The meaning of ecological control of forest pests is to establish a healthy forest ecosystem.The application of this basic theory in the ecological control of insect pests of eucalyptus plantation could gain better socio-economic and ecological benefits.It could successfully control the pest damage on eucalyptus and promote the development of eucalyptus plantation industry.The hypogeal insect pests of eucalyptus are a group of special insect pests,having made serious damages to the young plantation.To solve the problem,it is necessary to use chemicals to control the population of those insect pests.The selection of chemicals and the methods of chemical application must be appropriate so as to lighten and minimize the negative impacts of chemicals on the ecological environment.