Abstract: Compared with the other pinus massoniana provenances, the P. massoniana provenance in the Sichuan Basin is just half in the number of resin canals in needle and 2 6 times higher in linear leaf type seedlings. Much fewer resin channels and more linear leaf type seedlings are the prototype in morphology. The southeastern part of Sichuan Basin is open to outside, which facilitates proliferation, evolution and multiplication of P. massoniana nationwide. The results suggest that the provenance of P. massoniana in the Sichuan Basin is a prototype of modern P. massoniana in China.