Abstract: There are 53 Populus species distributed in 22 p rovinces of China, with the total area of over 1 000million ha, 425. 965 million m3 of total standing stock, and 60. 5 m3 per ha on the average. There are over 7 millionha of Populus p lantation in China, constituting 19 % of the total p lantation area. 3. 09 million ha of the p lantation,roughtly 40% of the total, is mainly for timber p roduction. During the period of 2002—2007, a number of 28Populus species had been selected and assessed by National Committee of Tree Species Assessment as good-growthones. Moreover, five geographic regions sultable for pop lar trees were identified by National Pop lar Commission ofChina. In this review, the authors outlined the Chinese literatures on Popu lus diseases in the past 40 years andlisted 246 pathogen organisms from 98 ( including species, clones, and cultivateds) Populus. These included 205fungi (30 Ascomycota, 99 Basidiomycota and 68 Mitosporic fungi), 12 bacteria, 1 virus, 11 nematodes, 6 mitesand 11 parasitic seed p lants. Occurrences of various diseases from each Populus sp., number of fungal diseases andtheir occurred frequencies from each of 5 Sections of Populus were also p rovided.