Abstract: The research on provenance/family test of Cinnamomum camphora is carried out at seedling stage in order to learn the source and law of genetic variation of camphor tree. The result shows that there is genetic variation on provenance level and family level. The genetic variation of seedling height,branching heiht,freeze injury value is much greater on provenance level than that on family level,and the contrary for ground diameter trait on family level. The variance analysis shows there is extreme significant difference in seedling height,ground diameter,branching height,freeze injury value among provenances;there is significant difference in seedling height,ground diameter and freeze injury value and no significant difference in branching height among families,and there is no significant difference for many traits among families within provenance. There are 128,95,88,108 families with higher value and 56,86,93,73 families with lower value compared to Fuyang provenance in seedling height,ground diameter, branching height,freeze injury. Seedling height has significant negative relationship with latitude and significant relationship with annual mean temperature,Jan. mean temperature and extreme lowest temperature; freeze injury value has extreme significant negative relationship with latitude and significant relationship with annual mean temperature,Jan. mean temperature and extreme lowest temperature;branching height has significant relationship with latitude and negative significant relationship with annual mean temperature,Jan. mean temperature and extreme lowest temperature.Seedling height has extreme significant relationship with freeze injury value and significant relationship with ground diameter.