Abstract: Objective To study genetic effects of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of oleoresin components of Pinus massoniana for the purpose of genetic improvement of oleoresin-producing P. massoniana. Method A half diallel cross among 6 P. massoniana clones in Laoshan Forest Farm of Zhejiang Province was used to reveal the genetic variation of oleoresin components, the correlation between growth and the content of oleoresin components and the correlation between oleoresin compounds by investigating the growth and the content of oleoresin components of each sample. Result Twenty three oleoresin components were identified, the Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes and Diterpenes accounted for 7.29%, 1.50% and 91.17% of total oleoresin content. It was found that the genetic effects of GCA were more significant than the genetic effects of SCA in the 13 major oleoresin components with higher average content and significant differences among the combinations. Most major oleoresin components were controlled mainly by the additive gene effects while dehydroabietic acid was controlled mainly the by dominance gene effects and levopimaric acid/palustric acid, 8,12-Abietadienoic acid were controlled by the additive gene effects and the dominance gene effects simultaneously. The 13 major oleoresin components were under moderate or high level genetic control with the full-sib 0.655~0.949. In addition, higher positive correlations were found between α-pinene, camphene and β-pinene in monoterpenes, which means the selection of one component can make the same increase or decrease for the other components. However,levopimaric acid/palustric acid in diterpenes were found higher negative correlations with most major oleoresin components of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes components, and the extremely significant negative correlations were found between levopimaric acid/palustric acid and longifolene, pimaric acid, dehydroabietic acid, 8,12-abietadienoic acid, abietic acid, neoabietic acid, which mean the selection of levopimaric acid/palustric acid will restrain the increase of most major oleoresin components. Meanwhile, it was found that most major oleoresin components and growth traits were hardly relevant. So it is speculated that the two types of traits may be independent and controlled by different genetic mechanism. Conclusion Most of oleoresin components had significant GCA effect and were controlled mainly by the additive gene effects. These oleoresin compounds had moderate to strong family heritability. The correlation was not significant between growth and the content of oleoresin compounds, but there were significant among oleoresin compounds, which can be used to determine the optimize improvement strategy for oleoresin trait in P. massoniana.