Abstract: Insect viruses are the microbes infecting arthropods only, including nuclear polyhedrosis virus, granulosis virus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, poxvirus, iridovirus and many other groups. The nuclear polyhedrosis virus belongs to Rhabdoviridae Nucleopolyhedrovirus, which is the largest group of insect viruses. It can infect and kill one or several agricultural and forestry pests specifically, and is harmless to the natural enemies, environment, human and animals. So it is considered as the environment-friendly biopesticides to be worth promoting. This paper reviews recent research on the genomics of nuclear polyhedrosis virus, and summarizes the main functional genes including transcription related genes, DNA replication related genes, structure related genes and other genes. Further more, future development direction of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus is also prospected.