Abstract: Objective With genetic markers and phenotypic data to identify olive cultivars and evaluation their genetic diversity.Method Taking 11 olive cultivars from Longnan, Gansu Province, as samples, the genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were conducted with 15 quantitative traits, 18 quality phenotypic traits and 8 SSR markers. Result For all the phenotypic traits, significant variability was found among the cultivars. The phenotypic diversity index of quantitative traits ranged from 1.579 to 2.088 as those of quality traits ranged from 0.362 to 1.091. A total of 51 alleles were detected for 8 SSR markers, while the number of alleles per locus reached an average of 5.9. With the phenotypic traits and SSR markers, 17 cultivars can be completely identified and distinguished. Conclusion The result of genetic distance analysis based on phenotypic traits and SSR markers showed similar genetic relationships between cultivars with somewhat differences between them. The SSR markers should be combined to identify cultivars with similar phenotypic traits.