Abstract: Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was used to detect the genetic diversity and relationships in 29 samples of yellow camellias from Golden Camellia Park in Nanning, Guangxi Province. 133 discernible loci were obtained from all the samples by using 14 primers and 126 bands were polymorphic. The average percentage of polymorphic bands was 94.74%, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's information index were 0.360 6 and 0.531 4, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficients among the tested samples ranged from 0.481 to 0.835, indicating a wide gene pool and much high gene diversity among species from Camellia Sect. Chrysantha Chang. A dendrogram showing genetic relationships among these samples was constructed by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) based on Nei genetic similarity. According to the dendrogram, 29 materials could be divided into 3 groups. Camellia achrysantha formed the first group, C. pingguoensis var. terminalis and C. lungzhouensis were classified into the third group, and the others were classified into the second group. The results suggested that the similarity coefficient between C. xiashiensis and C. micrantha was the highest, and the two taxa should be merged into C. limonia; C. longgangensis and C. ptilosperma were closely related to each other, and they should be merged into the same species; C. lungzhouensis and C. chrysanthoides might be two distinct species.