Abstract: The purpose of this study is to review the nematode species parasitizing on bamboos, their distribution and hosts. 82 nematode species belonging to 29 genera and 12 families of 4 orders were reported on bamboo in the world, in which 36 species in China, 38 species in American, and 20 species in India. Few studies focus on the pathogenicity of plant nematodes to bamboos. There were some reports of nematodes causing losses on bamboos in India. Histological observations of two nematode species in infected bamboos were reported in USA. This paper discusses the research direction of nematodes parasitizing on bamboo, aiming at providing useful information for research, control and quarantine of nematodes parasitizing on bamboo.