Abstract: The vegetation of Phoebe zhennan forest is protected very well in Enshi of Hubei Province. A survey of community composition and structure of Phoebe zhennan in Enshi was conducted through survey sampling. The results show that there are 332 species of vascular plants belonging to 229 genera of 97 families in the P. zhennan forest. Many genera contain only one species. The dominant families include Rosaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, etc. By the statistics of species abundance, basal area, mean DBH(diameter at breast height)≥2.5 cm, and important value, it shows that the pioneer species P. zhennan is the dominant species in arbor layer. The floristic characteristics indicate that the tropical elements are more than temperate elements. The proportion of the pantropic type is the greatest, the number of the tropic elements are more than temperate ones. The community could be divided into three layers including arbors, shrubs and herbs. The structure of DBH size-class of all species in the plot generally appears increase, which indicates normal community growth. The size-class structure of main species showed a growing or stable type. The shrub layer is relatively abundant in species, the diversity from high to low follows the order of shrub, herb and arbor.